ISS: An Instrument of American Power in Space

John Neal
Executive Director, Space Policy, Cyber, Space, and National Security Policy Division

Published

August 01, 2025

Since 2000, the International Space Station (ISS) has been a vital asset for science, diplomacy, and industry, serving as the anchor for economic growth, national security, and American leadership in space.

Maintaining American presence in low-earth orbit (LEO) serves the national interest in human space exploration, strengthens international partnerships, and encourages continued commercial investment in building an LEO economy that today is valued at nearly $300B.

The proposed adjustments in the 2026 federal budget for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Space Operations programs could impact U.S. capabilities that have been instrumental in sustaining human presence in LEO. The ISS program is supported by a highly skilled workforce, supply chains, and significant private capital investment in commercial space services and space-based technologies deployed in LEO.

Here is why ISS remains an essential instrument of American power in space.

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Bolstering National Security

ISS plays a critical role in U.S. and allied national security. The International Space Station (ISS) serves as America’s physical presence in space, much like a U.S. Embassy, as a symbol of international collaboration and diplomacy.

It is a platform where nations work together to advance scientific research and innovation, fostering partnerships that transcend borders. Maintaining this presence in LEO ensures that the U.S. remains a partner of choice for other nations and reinforces existing geopolitical partnerships.

Contributing to Economic Prosperity

ISS has been instrumental in catalyzing a commercial network of small, medium, and large companies to build products and services to support economic activity from communications and power to transport and logistics, all of which sustain the platform and its crews.

Critically, the ISS supports NASA’s moon and Mars hardware development, advances human health and performance research, and enables fundamental and applied research that has resulted in 41 patents and extensive contributions to other research in related fields.

Preserving Skills and Workforce

Maintaining ISS is essential for preserving the unique skills, workforce, and supply chains that have been developed over the years. The continuity of these activities through the transition from ISS to Commercial LEO Destinations (CLDs) is vital to protect the significant private capital already invested in commercial space services. Without continued support, the U.S. risks losing its leadership position in space and the economic benefits that come with it.

Funding and Support

To sustain these mission-critical national security and economic benefits, Congress must continue to fund ISS operations, transportation, and research. This includes supporting ongoing ISS operations through the end of its mission and maintaining continuity of research and commercial activities. By doing so, the U.S. can ensure a well-orchestrated de-orbit and executable transition to CLDs, preventing capability gaps and maximizing utilization.

The Next Frontier: Commercial Technology Platforms

ISS is not just a symbol of human achievement in space exploration: it is a mission-critical asset that improves our national security posture, drives economic growth, and advances scientific discovery. Maintaining ISS and supporting its transition to CLDs is essential for the continued security, prosperity, and leadership of the United States in space operations.

By embracing the transformative potential of commercial technologies, the International Space Station can seamlessly transition into the next frontier of American space leadership, unlocking unprecedented opportunities for innovation, collaboration, and economic growth. This pivotal moment calls for bold action from Congress to ensure the continuity of U.S. leadership in space, while the commercial sector stands ready to partner in this endeavor.

Together, we can build a future where the legacy of ISS evolves into a thriving low-Earth orbit economy, advancing scientific discovery, strengthening national security, and inspiring generations to come.

Looking Ahead

The path forward is clear, and with united efforts, the United States can solidify its position as the global leader in space exploration and innovation.

In February 2025, the Chamber launched the Space Leadership Council in collaboration with leading players providing commercial technology for the space economy. In December 2024.

In December, the Chamber led its first-ever space sector business mission to the United Arab Emirates, engaging top Emirati government officials and business leaders about opportunities for American companies in the booming space economy. Officially certified by the U.S. Department of Commerce, the mission enjoyed the strong support of the U.S. government and included official participation from the U.S. Department of State, the U.S. Department of Commerce, the U.S. Department of Defense, and Capitol Hill.