Understanding America’s Labor Shortage: The Most Impacted States

America is facing a worker shortage crisis: There are too many open jobs without people to fill them. The interactive map below shows which states are suffering the most from a labor shortage by comparing their Worker Shortage Index ratios.  

The Chamber’s Worker Shortage Index ratio indicates the number of available workers for every job opening. States with a higher ratio have more workers available to fill open jobs. For example, a ratio of 0.39 means a state has just 39 workers for every 100 open jobs. A ratio above 1.0 would indicate a surplus of available workers compared to job openings. 

Workforce Data Definitions (BLS): 

• Job Openings: All positions that are unfilled and have available work 
• Unemployed Workers: People that do not have a job, have looked for work in the last four weeks, and are currently available and able to work 
• Labor Force Participation Rate: The percentage of the population that is working or actively looking for work 
• Quit Rate: The number of employees who voluntarily quit as a percent of total employment 
• Hire Rate: All additions to payroll as a percentage of total employment

NEW: Read in-depth articles on the labor market and business environment in 16 states, with more state profiles coming soon.

• Colorado
• Florida
• Georgia 
• Indiana 
• Kentucky
• Minnesota 
• Mississippi 
• Missouri 
• New Hampshire 
• North Carolina
• South Carolina
• Tennessee
• Texas
• Utah 
• Vermont 
• Virginia 

More State-by-State Workforce Analysis 

There is a national worker shortage affecting the nation, and many states are feeling the impact. The vast majority of states have more job openings today than it had before the pandemic, while labor force participation remains below pre-pandemic levels.

The U.S. has lost millions of workers since the start of the pandemic. As of June 2023, the national labor force participation rate is .7 percentage points below pre-pandemic levels. That equates to 1.9 million workers who have left the workforce since the start of the pandemic in February 2020. 

Alaska, Arizona, Florida, Illinois, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Oregon, Texas, Utah, and Virginia are the only states that have a higher percentage of their labor force working than before the pandemic. The vast majority have seen their labor forces shrink because of early retirements, increased savings, less immigration, among other factors.​

The U.S. Chamber and U.S. Chamber Foundation are helping employers discover and develop talent through the America Works Initiative. For more information, contact Stephanie Ferguson at sferguson@uschamber.com.

About the authors

Lindsay Cates

Lindsay is a senior manager on the communications and strategy team. She previously worked as a writer and editor at U.S. News and World Report.

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Stephanie Ferguson

Stephanie Ferguson is the Director of Global Employment Policy & Special Initiatives. Her work on the labor shortage has been cited in the Wall Street Journal, Washington Post, and Associated Press.

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